张东龙;赵芙蓉;武晓红;席磊;王鑫鑫;

• 1:河南科技大学动物科技学院
• 2:河南牧业经济学院

摘要(Abstract)：

本试验旨在探讨4种光周期对肉仔鸡采食行为、生长性能及血液指标的影响,为提高肉仔鸡的生长性能与福利水平提供理论参考依据。试验选择体况相近、健康的14日龄WOD168肉仔鸡96只,随机分为4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复6只鸡。4个处理的光周期分别为23L∶1D(处理1)、16L∶8D(处理2)、8L∶4D∶8L∶4D(处理3)、8L∶16D(处理4),均采用LED白光灯照明,其他饲养管理条件一致。预试期7 d,正试期3周。结果表明:在整个试验期,处理3的采食时间百分比显著高于处理4(P<0.05);处理2的采食频次显著高于处理1(P<0.05),但处理1的最小采食时间显著高于处理2、3(P<0.05)。在明期,处理2、3、4肉仔鸡的采食时间百分比、采食频次均显著高于处理1(P<0.05);处理1的最小采食时间显著高于处理2、4(P<0.05)。在暗期,处理4的采食时间百分比、采食频次、最大采食时间显著高于处理1、2、3(P<0.05);处理4的最小采食时间显著高于处理1、3(P<0.05)。此外,处理4的料重比(F/G)显著低于处理1(P<0.05);处理1的血液白细胞数量显著高于处理4(P<0.05),总胆固醇含量显著高于处理2(P<0.05)。由此可见,为提高采食行为的表达、降低鸡只生理应激,建议在生产中采用8L∶4D∶8L∶4D的光周期。

关键词(KeyWords)： 光周期;肉仔鸡;采食行为;生长性能;血液指标

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 河南省重大科技专项（141100110800)

作者(Author): 张东龙;赵芙蓉;武晓红;席磊;王鑫鑫;

Email:

DOI:

参考文献(References)：

• [1] OLANREWAJU H A,THAXTON J P,DOZIERⅢW A,et al. A review of lighting programs for broiler production[J]. International Journal of Poultry Science,2006,5(4):301-308.
• [2]杨立强，赵芙蓉，张东龙，等．LED光色和光照强度对肉仔鸡生产性能和行为的影响[J]．西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版），2019,47(1):11-17.
• [3] LEWIS P D,GOUS R M.Constant and changing photoperiods in the laying period for broiler breeders allowed normal or accelerated growth during the rearing period[J].Poultry Science,2006,85(2):321-325.
• [4]王飞．间歇光照对蛋鸡行为节律、生产性能及输卵管形态、血液生化指标的影响[D]．硕士学位论文．保定：河北农业大学，2010.
• [5] MCMINN J E,BASKIN D G,SCHWARTZ M W.Neuroendocrine mechanisms regulating food intake and body weight[J]. Obesity Reviews,2000,1(1):37-46.
• [6]孙永波，王亚，萨仁娜，等．家禽采食量调控机制及主要调控因子研究进展[J]．动物营养学报，2018,30(1):22-29.
• [7]唐彩琰．利用采食行为评估动物福利[J]．国外畜牧学（猪与禽），2017,37(11):74-77.
• [8] CLASSEN H L.Day length affects performance,health and condemnations in broiler chickens[C]//Proceeding of the 16th Annual Australian Poultry Science Symposium. New South Wales:The Poultry Research Foundation,University of Sydney,2004.
• [9] BAYRAM A，?ZKAN S.Effects of a 16-hour light,8-hour dark lighting schedule on behavioral traits and performance in male broiler chickens[J]. Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2010,19(3):263-273.
• [10] CAMPO J L,DAVILA S G.Effect of photoperiod on heterophil to lymphocyte ratio and tonic immobility duration of chickens[J]. Poultry Science,2002,81(11):1637-1639.
• [11] European Union. Council directive 2007/43/EC[J].Official Journal of the European Union.2007,50:19-28.
• [12]赵芙蓉，李保明，赵亚军，等．笼养密度对肉仔鸡行为的影响及其与胸囊肿发生率的关系[J]．中国农业大学学报，2007,12(5):61-66.
• [13] BOKKERS E A M,KOENE P.Behaviour of fast-and slow growing broilers to 12 weeks of age and the physical consequences[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2003,81(1):59-72.
• [14]马贺，李保明，申丽，等．光照对北京油鸡产蛋期采食规律的影响[C]//第五届中国畜牧科技论坛论文集．北京：中国畜牧兽医学会，2011.
• [15] RODRIGUES I,CHOCT M. Feed intake pattern of broiler chickens under intermittent lighting:do birds eat in the dark?[J].Animal Nutrition,2019,5(2):174-178.
• [16] DUVE L R,STEENFELDT S,THODBERG K,et al.Splitting the scotoperiod:effects on feeding behaviour,intestinal fill and digestive transit time in broiler chickens[J].British Poultry Science,2011,52(1):1-10.
• [17] LEWIS P D,DANISMAN R,GOUS R M.Photoperiodic responses of broilers．Ⅰ．Growth,feeding behaviour,breast meat yield,and testicular growth[J].British Poultry Science,2009,50(6):657-666.
• [18] KRISTENSEN H H,BURGESS L R,DEMMERS T G H,et al.The preferences of laying hens for different concentrations of atmospheric ammonia[J]. Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2000,68(4):307-318.
• [19]赵芙蓉，耿爱莲，焦伟伟，等．光周期对北京油鸡雏鸡采食行为与生长性能的影响[J]．中国家禽，2012,34(15):25-28.
• [20]吴海港，彭升武．不同光照周期对肉鸡的影响研究进展[J]．养禽与禽病防治，2015(11):2-5.
• [21] SCHWEAN-LARDNER K,FANCHER B I,CLASSEN H L. Impact of daylength on behavioural output in commercial broilers[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2012,137(1/2):43-52.
• [22] APPLEBY M C,MENCH J A,HUGHES B O.Poultry behaviour and welfare[M]. Wallingford,UK:CABI Publishing,2004.
• [23] BROWN A J,WEBSTER A B,FAIRCHILD B D,et a1.Photoperiod effects on broiler behavior[J].Poultry Science Association Meeting Abstract,2008,87(Suppl.1):61.
• [24] SCHWEAN-LARDNER K,FANCHER B I,CLASSEN H L. Impact of daylength on the productivity of two commercial broiler strains[J].British Poultry Science,2012,53(1),7-18.
• [25] DE JONG I C,FILLERUP M,BLOKHUIS H J.Effect of scattered feeding and feeding twice a day during rearing on indicators of hunger and frustration in broiler breeders[J]. Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2005,92(1/2):61-76.
• [26] CLASSEN H L,RIDDELL C,ROBINSON F E.Effects of increasing photoperiod length on performance and health of broiler chickens[J].British Poultry Science,1991,32(1):21-29.
• [27] ROZENBOIM I,ROBINZON B,ROSENSTRAUCH A.Effect of light source and regimen on growing broilers[J]. British Poultry Science,1999,40(4):452-457.
• [28] BLATCHFORD R A,ARCHER G S,MENCH J A.Contrast in light intensity,rather than day length,influences the behavior and health of broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2012,91(8):1768-1774.
• [29] BESSEI W.Welfare of broilers:a review[J].World’s Poultry Science Journal,2006,62(3):455-466.
• [30] INGRAM D R,HATTENS III L F,MCPHERSON B N. Effects of light restriction on broiler performance and specific body structure measurements[J]. Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2000,9(4):501-504.
• [31] OLANREWAJU H A,MILLER W W,MASLIN W R,et al.Effects of light sources and intensity on broilers grown to heavy weights. Part 1:growth performance,carcass characteristics,and welfare indices[J].Poultry Science,2016,95(4):727-735.
• [32] COBAN O,LACIN E,SABUNCUOGLU N,et al.Effect of self-photoperiod on live weight,carcass and growth traits in quails(Coturnix coturnix japonica)[J]. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2009,22(3):410-415.
• [33] SCHWEAN-LARDNER K,FANCHER B I,GOMIS S,et al.Effect of day length on cause of mortality,leg health,and ocular health in broilers[J]. Poultry Science,2013,92(1):1-11.
• [34] DARRAS V M,VAN DER GEYTEN S,KüHN E R.Thyroid hormone metabolism in poultry[J].Biotechnologie,Agronomie,Sociétéet Environnement,2000,4(1):13-20.
• [35] ABBAS A O,EL-DEIN A K A,DESOKY A A,et al.The effects of photoperiod programs on broiler chicken performance and immune response[J]. International Journal of Poultry Science,2008,7(7):665-671.
• [36] OLANREWAJU H A,PURSWELL J L,COLLIER S D,et al.Interactive effects of photoperiod and light intensity on blood physiological and biochemical reactions of broilers grown to heavy weights[J]. Poultry Science,2013,92(4):1029-1039.
• [37] MOSLEH N,NAZIFI S,ZAKERI M.Brain and serum galanin,thyroid hormones,and TSH are not influenced by different photoperiod schedules in broiler chickens[J]. Comparative Clinical Pathology,2016,25(1):183-188.
• [38] WHITTOW G. Sturkie’s avian physiology[M]. 5th ed.San Diego:Academic Press,2000:461-471.
• [39] MOSLEH N,NAZIFI S,GHANADZADEGAN F.Effect of three different photoperiod schedules on serum leptin and lipid profile,abdominal fat pad adiposity and triglyceride content in broiler chickens[J].Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine,2014,17(3):173-182.
• [40] MOORE C B,SIOPES T D.Effects of lighting conditions and melatonin supplementation on the cellular and humoral immune responses in Japanese quail Coturnix coturnix japonica[J].General and Comparative Endocrinology,2000,119(1):95-104.
• [41] ABBAS A O,GEHAD A E,HENDRICKS G L,et al.The effect of lighting program and melatonin on the alleviation of the negative impact of heat stress on the immune response in broiler chickens[J].International Journal of Poultry Science,2007,6(9):651-660.
• [42] FIDAN E D,NAZLIGüL A,TüRKYILMAZ M K,et al.Effect of photoperiod length and light intensity on some welfare criteria,carcass,and meat quality characteristics in broilers[J].Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia,2017,46(3):202-210.