王焕杰;杜鹏飞;张吉昌;朱瑶;姬杰菲;陈文;黄艳群;

• 1:河南农业大学饲料营养河南省工程实验室
• 2:南阳市宛城区动物卫生监督所

摘要(Abstract)：

本试验旨在探究注射胰岛素对不同品种鸡血糖浓度和采食情况的影响。试验1选用21日龄海兰蛋鸡(简称蛋鸡)、丝毛乌骨鸡(简称乌鸡)和爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡(简称肉鸡)雄性雏鸡各120只,随机各分为4组:胰岛素禁食组(n=60,其中12只鸡用来测定血糖浓度的动态变化,其余48只鸡在注射胰岛素后0、15、120和240 min时,每个时间点各屠宰12只鸡,收集颈静脉血液10 mL,用来测定血清胰岛素浓度)、磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)禁食组(n=12)、胰岛素喂食组(n=24)和PBS喂食组(n=24)。试验前禁食16 h,注射剂量为5 IU/kg的胰岛素或相同剂量的PBS,禁食各组在注射后继续保持禁食,并测定血糖浓度的动态变化;喂食各组在注射后立即恢复喂食,1/2鸡只用于测定血糖浓度的动态变化,1/2鸡只用于统计采食情况。试验2选用44日龄蛋鸡、乌鸡和肉鸡各48只,随机各分为2组:胰岛素组(n=24)和PBS组(n=24),试验前禁食16 h,注射剂量为2.3 IU/kg的胰岛素或相同剂量的PBS,注射120 min后恢复喂食,各组鸡1/2鸡只用于测定血糖浓度的动态变化,1/2鸡只用于统计采食情况。结果表明:1)禁食状态下,注射胰岛素可显著降低21日龄各品种鸡的血糖浓度(P<0.05),且注射后15 min时各品种鸡的血糖浓度均已显著低于基础(0 min)血糖浓度(P<0.05),且持续下降直到120 min时;肉鸡的血糖浓度与蛋鸡和乌鸡相比下降幅度更大,且120 min后血糖浓度恢复能力显著低于蛋鸡和乌鸡(P<0.05);注射胰岛素后肉鸡不同时间点的血清胰岛素浓度均高于蛋鸡和乌鸡。2)与基础血糖浓度相比,21日龄时注射胰岛素后立即恢复喂食显著降低蛋鸡60和120 min时的血糖浓度(P<0.05),显著提高肉鸡30和60 min时的血糖浓度(P<0.05)。3)注射胰岛素后立即恢复喂食对21日龄各品种鸡240 min内的累积采食量无显著影响(P>0.05),显著降低蛋鸡和乌鸡注射后120～240 min时的采食量(P<0.05),显著提高肉鸡注射后30～60 min时的采食量(P<0.05)。4)注射胰岛素后120 min恢复喂食显著降低44日龄各品种鸡的采食量(P<0.05)。综上所述,各品种鸡对胰岛素的敏感性和血糖浓度响应变化存在差异,乌鸡和蛋鸡的血糖调控能力要优于肉鸡;注射胰岛素对鸡的采食量有显著影响,且对采食的影响存在品种差异。

关键词(KeyWords)： 蛋鸡;乌鸡;肉鸡;胰岛素;血糖浓度;采食

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 智汇郑州1125聚才计划——创新领军人才项目

作者(Author): 王焕杰;杜鹏飞;张吉昌;朱瑶;姬杰菲;陈文;黄艳群;

Email:

DOI:

参考文献(References)：

• [1] BRAUN E J,SWEAZEA K L. Glucose regulation in birds[J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B:Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,2008,151(1):1-9.
• [2] SCANES C G,BRAUN E.Avian metabolism:its control and evolution[J]. Frontiers inBiology,2013,8(2):134-159.
• [3] AKIBA Y,CHIDA Y,TAKAHASHI T,et al. Persistent hypoglycemia induced by continuous insulin infusion in broiler chickens[J]. British Poultry Science,1999,40(5):701-705.
• [4] SINAIKO A R,CAPRIO S. Insulin resistance[J].Journal of Pediatrics,2012,161(1):11-15.
• [5] YU J C,ZHANG Y Q,BOMBA H,et al.Stimuli-responsive delivery of therapeutics for diabetes treatment[J].Bioengineering&Translational Medicine,2016,1(3):323-337.
• [6] REUSCH J E B,MANSON J A E. Management of Type 2 diabetes in 2017 getting to goal[J]. JAMA,2017,317(10):1015-1016.
• [7] VANDENBERG M A,WEBBER M J.Biologically inspired and chemically derived methods for glucose-responsive insulin therapy[J].Advanced Healthcare Materials,2019,8(12):1801466.
• [8] DATAR S P,BHONDE R R.Modeling chick to assess diabetes pathogenesis and treatment[J]. The Review of Diabetic Studies,2011,8(2):245-253.
• [9] HENQUIN J C.Regulation of insulin secretion:a matter of phase control and amplitude modulation[J].Diabetologia,2009,52(5):739-751.
• [10] ZHAO N,LIU CC,VAN INGELGOM A J,et al.Apolipoprotein E4impairs neuronal insulin signaling by trapping insulin receptor in the endosomes[J]. Neuron,2017,96(1):115-129.e5.
• [11]兰红．胰岛素的生理作用[J]．中学生物学，2007,23(11):6.
• [12] HONDA K,KAMISOYAMA H,SANEYASU T,et al.Central administration of insulin suppresses food intake in chicks[J].Neurosci Lett,2007,423(2):153-157.
• [13] SHIRAISHI J I,YANAGITA K,FUJITA M,et al.Central insulin suppresses feeding behavior via melanocortins in chicks[J]. Domest Anim Endocrinol,2008,34(3):223-228.
• [14] SMITH C J V,BRIGHT-TAYLOR B. Does a glucostatic mechanism for food intake control exist in chickens?[J].Poultry Science,1974,53(5):1720-1724.
• [15] LEPKOVSKY S,LEN R,KOIKE T,et al. Effects of protamine zinc insulin on chickens[J].American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content,1965,208(3):589-592.
• [16] PROSZKOWIEC-WEGLARZ M,DUPONT J,RIDEAU N,et al. Insulin immuno-neutralization decreases food intake in chickens without altering hypothalamic transcripts involved in food intake and metabolism[J].Poultry Science,2017,96(12):4409-4418.
• [17] SHANAWANY M M,AL-KHAZRAJI A K,HAMED O,et al.Effect of protamine zinc insulin on feed intake and weight gain in broiler chicks[J]. Experimental Physiology,1979,64(4):291-295.
• [18] LIU L,XU S H,WANG X J,et al.Peripheral insulin doesn’t alter appetite of broiler chicks[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2016,29(9):1294-1299.
• [19] SUMNERS L H,ZHANG W,ZHAO X,et al. Chickens from lines artificially selected for juvenile low and high body weight differ in glucose homeostasis and pancreas physiology[J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Molecular&Integrative Physiology,2014,172:57-65.
• [20] MCMURTRY J P,ROSEBROUGH R W,STEELE N C.A homologous radioimmunoassay for chicken insulin[J].Poultry Science,1983,62(4):697-701.
• [21] SCANES C G. Perspectives on the endocrinology of poultry growth and metabolism[J].General and Comparative Endocrinology,2009,163(1/2):24-32.
• [22]谢德彪，陈鹭江．鸡血糖含量变化特点的研究[J]．中国畜牧杂志，1996,32(1):26-28.
• [23] RICE B B,ZHANG W,BAI S P,et al.Insulin-induced hypoglycemia associations with gene expressionchanges in liver and hypothalamus of chickens from lines selected for low or high body weight[J].General and Comparative Endocrinology,2014,208:1-4.
• [24] SIMON J,GUILLAUMIN S,CHEVALIER B,et al.Plasma glucose-insulin relationship in chicken lines selected for high or low fasting glycaemia[J]. British Poultry Science,2000,41(4):424-429.
• [25] DESPRéS J P,LEMIEUX I. Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome[J]. Nature,2006,444(7121):881-887.
• [26] WILMOT E,IDRIS I.Early onset type 2 diabetes:risk factors,clinical impact and management[J].Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease,2014,5(6):234-244.
• [27] GARCíA-CáCERES C,QUARTA C,VARELA L,et al. Astrocytic insulin signaling couples brain glucose uptake with nutrient availability[J]. Cell,2016,166(4):867-880.
• [28]孙永波，王亚，萨仁娜，等．家禽采食量调控机制及主要调控因子研究进展[J]．动物营养学报，2018,30(1):22-29.
• [29] WOLFGANG M J,LANE M D.Control of energy homeostasis:role of enzymes and intermediates of fatty acid metabolism in the central nervous system[J].Annual Review of Nutrition,2006,26:23-44.
• [30]徐运杰．神经和激素对家禽采食量的调控[J]．江西饲料，2011(4):1-4.
• [31] SHIRAISHI J I,YANAGITA K,FUKUMORI R,et al. Comparisons of insulin related parameters in commercial-type chicks:evidence for insulin resistance in broiler chicks[J]. Physiology&Behavior,2011,103(2):233-239.
• [32] YUAN LX,NI Y D,BARTH S,et al.Layer and broiler chicks exhibit similar hypothalamic expression of orexigenic neuropeptides but distinct expression of genes related to energy homeostasis and obesity[J].Brain Research,2009,1273:18-28.
• [33]宋庆华．肉鸡低血糖-尖峰死亡综合征的防治[J]．养殖与饲料，2017(10):88-90.
• [34] ZHANG K Y,XIE N,YE H Q,et al.Function of glucose transporter in the regulation of blood glucose homeostasis[J]. Current Biotechnology,2019,9(1):27-33.