单强;马峰涛;金宇航;李洪洋;高铎;孙鹏;

• 1:中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所动物营养学国家重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

本试验旨在研究富铬酵母对热应激奶牛生产性能、血清指标及血浆和牛奶中微量元素含量的影响。选取产奶量[(28.9±1.4) kg/d]、泌乳天数[(105±5) d]、胎次(2～3胎)相近和健康状态良好的泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛20头,随机分为4组,每组5头。对照组(CON组)饲喂不添加富铬酵母的基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮精料中添加0.4(Cr-0.4组)、0.8(Cr-0.8组)、1.2 mg/kg(Cr-1.2组)的富铬酵母(以铬计)。预试期14 d,正试期56 d。结果表明:1)随着富铬酵母添加剂量的增加,奶牛直肠温度和呼吸频率呈线性下降(P<0.05)。2)随着富铬酵母添加剂量的增加,奶牛干物质采食量、产奶量和乳蛋白率呈线性升高(P<0.05)。3)随着富铬酵母添加剂量的增加,血清尿素氮含量呈线性升高(P<0.05),血清葡萄糖含量呈先升高后降低的二次曲线变化(P<0.05)。Cr-0.8组血清葡萄糖含量显著高于CON和Cr-1.2组(P<0.05)。4)随着富铬酵母添加剂量的增加,血清超氧化物歧化酶活性和总抗氧化能力呈线性升高(P<0.05),血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性呈先升高后降低的二次曲线变化(P<0.05),血清丙二醛含量呈先降低后升高的二次曲线变化(P<0.05)。5)随着富铬酵母添加剂量的增加,血清胰岛素、皮质醇和甲状腺素含量呈线性升高(P<0.05),血清胰高血糖素和催乳素含量呈先升高后降低的二次曲线变化(P<0.05),血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸含量呈先降低后升高的二次曲线变化(P<0.05)。其中,Cr-0.4和Cr-0.8组血清胰高血糖素和催乳素含量显著高于CON组(P<0.05),Cr-0.4和Cr-0.8组血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸含量低于CON组(P<0.05)。6)随着富铬酵母添加剂量的增加,血浆中铬和锰及牛奶中铬含量呈线性升高(P<0.05),牛奶中铬和锰含量呈先升高后降低的二次曲线变化(P<0.05)。Cr-0.8组血浆中铬含量显著高于CON和Cr-0.4组(P<0.05);Cr-0.4、Cr-0.8、Cr-1.2组牛奶中铬含量显著高于CON组(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加0.8 mg/kg富铬酵母可以改善热应激奶牛生产性能。饲粮中添加适宜剂量的富铬酵母可以降低血清尿素氮含量,调节血清激素含量,提高机体抗氧化能力,增加血浆及牛奶中铬含量。

关键词(KeyWords)： 富铬酵母;奶牛;热应激;生化;激素;抗氧化能力;微量元素

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0500507）;; 中国农业科学院科技创新工程（ASTIP-IAS07)

作者(Author): 单强;马峰涛;金宇航;李洪洋;高铎;孙鹏;

Email:

DOI:

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